Blog #48 - The Branch-Current Method of Solution

As part of my problem series in this video, I will be solving the Problem Using the Branch-Current Method of Solution.

Once I am finished with this series of problems I will be posting them in my Stan store, at this web address…https://stan.store/GVB

In this problem we are to calculate the current through each of the resistors in this DC circuit  using the branch-current method of solution. The branch-current method makes use of the… Superposition Theorem, which states…”In a linear circuit with several sources, the current though and voltage drop, for any element in the circuit, is the sum of the currents and voltages produced by each source acting independently.”

To start…I am going to label all the nodes…There are four nodes in this circuit, as indicated by the letters Node A, Node B, Node C and, Node D. 

Nodes are junctions where two or more current paths come together…

A branch is a portion of a circuit consisting of one or more elements in series. This circuit contains 2 sources and 3 branches, each branch of which is a current path in the network. 

Branch ABC consists of the power supply E1 and R1 in series, branch ADC consists of the power supply E2 and R2 in series, and branch CA consists of R3 only. I am assigning a distinct current of arbitrary direction to each branch of the network.

I1, I2 & I3 these currents create voltage drops across each resistor. The polarities of which is determined by the assumed direction of current and the passive sign convention. 

The polarity of the power-supply terminals is fixed and is therefore not dependent on the assumed direction of current.

Notice the words arbitrary and assumed direction… after the calculations are made if the assumed current is minus then the current will be flowing in the other direction to the assumed direction.

A closed loop is any continuous connection of branches, that allows us to trace a path, which leaves a point in one direction and returns to that same starting point…from another direction without leaving the network.

Now we apply Kerchof's Voltage Law around each closed loop…for loop ABCA or loop 1…remember Kerchof's Voltage Law tells us that…the algebraic sum of changes in potential around any closed circuit path or loop, must be zero…starting at node A voltage source E1 raises the potential to 8 volts therefore plus 8 and the resistors voltage change is - 2I1 for resistor R1 and - 4I3 for resistor R3. These voltage changes when added together must equal zero (KVL) so we write that in the form of an equation,… as you see here…the currents are the unknowns.

For loop ADCA…plus 24 for E2 and the resistors drop the voltage by - I2 for resistor R2 and - 4I3 for resistor R3. These voltage changes when added together must equal zero… we write that in the form of an equation plus 24 - I2 - 4I3 = 0. Kerchof's Current Law at node C tells us that I1 + I2 = I3.

The three equations now can be solved by the elimination method. Firstly, by rearranging the last equation, we can clearly see that we can express I3 in terms of I1 & I2.

➜ Now using the above two equations I'm going to substitute for I3 which is equal to I1 + I2.

We now have 2 equations with 2 unknowns…I1 & I2 The unknowns being the two loop currents…We could've gone immediately to these two equations to solve this problem however we introduced a 3rd equation and a 3rd unknown by using Kirchhoff current law…which as you recall generated…the KCL (bottom) equation this points out the fact that there are more than one way to solve or analyze a mesh equation…Solving for I1 & I2 will also give us I3 which is all just mathematics and I’ll leave that to you to solve as a mathematical exercise.

If you have made it this far and are indeed finished calculating the equations, coming up with the answers for the three current in this problem…you have demonstrated your interest in electrical systems. One of the systems that are out there in today's world is home automation. You can use your newly acquired knowledge to possibly proceed with automating your home.

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Remember, this video has been brought to you by PSPT, where you will find electrical train training videos when you go to this web address…https://bit.ly/47YB3vh...which will also give you a free copy of my 50 page crib sheets that you can use while viewing any of the courses or just keep handy during your every day work.